Your dataYour policiesQuantified control exposure
Four domains of control exposure
For banks and financial firms whose operating state changes faster than post-event controls and periodic reporting can follow. Not because a control is missing, but because the action that executed was not covered by it.
Cash at bank
The position you expect and the one the bank shows drift apart: stale balances, movements nobody can explain, and money paid out of a position nobody has reconciled to the statement.
What the evaluation shows
Every funding movement and settlement against the reconciliation state of the position it left, the ones made after the cut-off or over the desk limit, and the actions taken while a limit monitor, a rail register or a settlement instruction had gone quiet.
Reconciliation exceptions
Unresolved breaks, and the corrections and adjustments raised to close them, by the person under the most pressure to make the numbers agree.
What the evaluation shows
Every return, cancellation and correcting entry of the window, with the sign-offs the rules asked for against the ones given, the corrections posted while their break was still open, and the ones that were really payments.
Treasury and payments
Limits, beneficiaries, counterparties, timing, and the approval authority each one needs: payments outside limits, new or changed payees, and runs released on fewer signatures than the mandate names.
What the evaluation shows
Each run and each instruction as it went out: through, needing a sign-off it never had, or refused with a gate that no signature opens.
Valuation-dependent actions
Actions that rely on a current asset value, an unrealised position, or a financial state nobody verified: a write-down, a concession, a limit change, a currency settlement, a rate.
What the evaluation shows
Each one against the authority a change to the bank's position needs, whether the exposure it relied on reproduced from the ledger, and the facts the rules needed that no system reported.
Each one maps onto banking areas whose rules already exist in this repository, written as a bank writes them: who has to sign, with what evidence, and what no signature gets past. Where your month has a moment none of them describes, that is the first thing to tell us.
From your history to one boundary
Five steps, read-only, and none of them changes how your bank works before you have seen what your own controls would have said.
Connect, read-only
Hand over an extract of up to ninety days of the actions your systems already carried out: payment files, instructions, transfers, corrections, limit and rate changes. Nothing connects to a live system and nothing is executed.
Replay ninety days
Each action is written down in one agreed form and replayed against controls you author, at the moment it happened, with the facts your systems reported then and the sign-offs they recorded then.
Quantify exposure
See which actions would have gone through, which needed a sign-off they never had, which would have been refused, and the money on each, by domain, by banking area and by the rule that held it.
Review findings
With your team: the refusals you disagree with, the thresholds and roles to tune, and the facts the rules needed that your systems did not have at that moment. That last list is the integration work, and this is where it shows itself first.
Select one boundary
Pick one action a person can name. Put the component beside it, in shadow, and let the comparison run before anything is enforced.
The same evaluation runs on a laptop over ninety made-up days, and takes an extract of your own actions in the same form, so the first figures you see are yours. What the runnable examples cover.
The Control Exposure Report
Ninety made-up days of one bank's finance operations, evaluated by this repository's own rules; every figure is what that run produced, and none says anything about any bank.
- 93
- Actions evaluated
- CHF 450,126,320.00
- Value evaluated
- CHF 163,453,120.00
- Control exposure: on actions that needed another decision
- 19
- Would have been refused
- 33
- Needed a sign-off they never had
- 8
- Reconciliation exceptions needing another decision
- 3
- Taken on a fact the rules could not see
- 41 Would have gone through
- 33 Needed a sign-off
- 19 Would have been refused
| Domain | Evaluated | Through | Sign-off | Refused | Needed another decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash at bank | 12 | 4 | 6 | 2 | CHF 43,835,900.00 |
| Reconciliation exceptions | 13 | 5 | 3 | 5 | CHF 2,824,850.00 |
| Treasury and payments | 39 | 22 | 12 | 5 | CHF 3,787,370.00 |
| Valuation-dependent actions | 29 | 10 | 12 | 7 | CHF 113,005,000.00 |
What held things, most often
- Sign-offAbove 250,000 the payments duty officer signs3 actions
- Sign-offAbove 100,000 two mandated signatories are required2 actions
- RefusedA payment the financial crime desk stopped is disposed of by that desk2 actions
- Sign-offEvery treasury transfer needs a settler distinct from the dealer2 actions
- RefusedStanding settlement instructions must be verified2 actions
- Sign-offThe bank's own money moves out of a position reconciled to the statement2 actions
Every one of the 19 refusals had at least one sign-off on it. A gate is not a shortage of signatures, so collecting more of them does not open it.
Your figures will look nothing like these, and no figure on this site is a benchmark. What carries over is the shape: every action answered, the sign-offs the rules asked for against the ones actually given, the money on the actions that needed another decision, and the facts the rules needed that your systems did not have at that moment. A test re-runs the made-up ninety days and fails if this page and the run disagree.
Existing finance systems continue to run. Decionis decides whether the exact action is authorised.
Decionis sits after the business context is known and before a consequential action commits. It does not carry out the action, and it does not replace the core, the reconciliation, the treasury or the valuation system that produced the context.
YOUR CHANNELS
Agent · App · Employee · Batch · Scheduled job
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PROPOSE ACTION
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ALLOW ESCALATE BLOCK
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| Approvers
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EXECUTION BOUNDARY
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YOUR BANKING SYSTEMS
Core · Payment hub · Treasury · Reconciliation
Lending · ERP and finance · Ledger
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DECISION RECORD
for audit, risk and compliance- AllowThe action goes ahead in your existing systems, once, exactly as it was checked.
- EscalateThe action waits for the sign-off the rules name, from a person the rules name, bound to this exact instruction.
- BlockThe action is refused, with the rule and the reason recorded, and no number of signatures changes that.
Every decision leaves a record for audit, risk, and compliance: who allowed this exact instruction, what they were shown, what went out, and what came back. It is a record of what was allowed and what happened; it cannot be presented to send anything.
Finance signals can inform authority
Your systems already produce the facts a rule needs. Decionis computes none of them; the rules read what was reported, and a fact that was not reported is counted, never assumed. Six questions, and what the rules in this repository read for each today.
- Cash at bank reconciled?
- The treasury rules read the reconciliation state of the position the money leaves. A movement out of an unreconciled position goes back to treasury operations, and no signature stands in for the reconciliation.
- Open reconciliation break?
- The same state, with a name. A break open against the account sends the movement back the same way, a correcting entry included.
- Current asset value available?
- A write-down or a concession is refused unless the exposure snapshot it relies on reproduces from the ledger, and a limit change reads the exposure it would leave. A valuation your rules need that no system reports is counted as a fact the rules could not see, never assumed.
- Payment within limit?
- The desk limit, the mandate's daily limit, the four-eyes ceiling and the account's counter authority are read from the services that own them. A breach is a refusal, not a request for another signature.
- Counterparty and screening clear?
- Screening, beneficiary confirmation, the standing settlement instructions and the trade match are read from the systems that own them. A hit or a mismatch refuses at any sign-off count.
- Correct execution window?
- The settlement calendar and the cut-off clock. A closed window refuses; past the cut-off, the operations head decides.
You define authority. Decionis makes it executable.
Nothing here asks you to trust Decionis to decide how your bank should operate. You write the policy; Decionis binds it to the exact action and holds the boundary.
You own
- The policy, in your own words
- The thresholds
- The roles, and who must be kept apart
- The rules for each banking area
- The sign-offs each action needs
Decionis owns
- Binding the action to what was approved
- Evaluating it against your rules, at the moment of action
- Enforcing at the boundary, once
- Verifying the person who approves
- Claiming once and finalising
- The evidence, signed and kept
- You author the policy
- Credentials stay behind the trusted executor
- Verified human approval when required
- Signed decision records
- Your systems remain the systems of record
What goes wrong today
The problem is not whether the workflow has controls. It is whether the action that executed was covered by them.
| When this happens | Decionis makes it |
|---|---|
| A payment changes after it was approved | The earlier approval no longer counts |
| A required checker is skipped | Nothing is released |
| A correction is posted to make the numbers agree | A decision about money, signed as one |
| The hub goes quiet after submission | Reconcile before anyone retries |
| An auditor asks who authorised it | The record is already there |
Most banks already have four eyes on the payment run. The awkward question is narrower: for one exact payment, can you show who authorised it, what they were looking at, and that the control fired on the path the money actually took.
Every outcome, written out
The same refusals the run at the top shows one at a time, in full. Each verdict, reason code, and rule is one this repository produces.
| What changes | What happens | Why |
|---|---|---|
| One line's amount is raised after everyone has signed. | Refused | Changing a line changes the run the approvals were given for. The approvals stay attached to the run that was reviewed, not to this one, so a fresh decision is needed before anything can go out. |
| One line keeps its amount but is redirected to another account. | Refused | The account each payment goes to is part of what was approved, held as a digest rather than in the clear. Redirect a line and the run stops matching what the signatories saw. |
| A payment nobody reviewed is appended to the file. | Refused | The count and the total the signatories approved are part of the run. An extra line changes both, and the approvals do not carry over to a run that is no longer the one they saw. |
| The maker signs a second time in the checker's place. | Needs another sign-off | The second sign-off is refused because it is the same person, so the run is still a signature short. No authority is issued while a required sign-off is missing. There is nothing to claim, so nothing reaches the hub. |
| The run is released with the maker, the checker, and one signatory, before the second has signed. | Needs another sign-off | A run of this size needs both mandated signatories, and the chain is not finished until the second has signed the same run. Nothing is issued and nothing can be claimed until then. |
| The same approval is used to release the run a second time. | Refused | An approval authorises one release. The first attempt consumed it, so the second has nothing to present, and the account is debited once. |
| The run is submitted and the hub's response never arrives. | Outcome not known | An attempt whose outcome cannot be established is left open and is never sent again on its own. Reconciliation asks the hub what happened, and only then can anything further be authorised. |
Each refusal is recorded against a fixed reason, so an auditor reads the same thing the operator saw. The same cases run for real in the repository, against a synthetic hub, and the demonstration exits with an error if any of them gets through. See what the examples cover, or how each refusal is recorded.
Each area has its own chain of approval, and its own line no sign-off crosses
Who has to sign changes with the area and with the amount. So does the set of things that collecting more signatures will never resolve. Four areas, written as the rules in this repository are written.
Taking on a customer
What a bank means by customer acquisition: creating, approving, or activating the relationship. Four eyes open it. Compliance is added when the history cannot be validated, or when the risk rating is high.
Who has to sign
- Every customerA checker, never the person who prepared the file
- The history could not be validatedA compliance officer, alongside the four eyes
- A high risk ratingA compliance officer, alongside the four eyes
What no sign-off gets past
- The identity check did not pass
- Screening is not clear
- An adverse finding in the history
Deciding the credit
The chain lengthens with the amount. Below the first threshold a qualified applicant needs nobody, and the rules say so rather than leaving it to a queue.
Who has to sign
- Below 100,000, and qualifiedNobody. The rules decide it
- Below 100,000, not qualifiedA credit officer
- From 100,000A credit officer
- Above 500,000Two authorities, independent of one another
What no sign-off gets past
- The identity check did not pass
- Screening is not clear
Releasing a payment run
Four eyes carry the ordinary run. The signatories the mandate names are added above the threshold.
Who has to sign
- Every runA checker, never the person who prepared it
- Above 100,000Two of the signatories named in the mandate, alongside the four eyes
What no sign-off gets past
- The mandate is not active
- Screening is not clear
- The run does not reproduce from the file that was received
- The run does not fit the mandate's daily limit
Raising a limit
A limit that rises is credit granted. Inside a small band nobody signs; outside it the chain lengthens with the step and with where it leaves the customer, and an unassessed increase goes back for the assessment rather than for another signature.
Who has to sign
- Inside the pre-approved band: at most 25,000 a step and 150,000 in total, current, assessed, scoring 720 or betterNobody. The rules decide it
- Above the bandA credit officer
- A weak score, below 680A credit officer
- Not yet assessed for affordabilityA credit officer, and only the completed assessment clears it, not a signature
- Above 100,000 a step, or 500,000 in totalThe head of credit risk, alongside the credit officer
- Any other limit change, in either directionA checker, never the person who keyed it
What no sign-off gets past
- The account is in arrears
- The affordability assessment failed
- No recorded consent from the customer
- A reduction below what the customer has already drawn, without notice
The lower half of each card is the part a workflow tool finds hard. A gate is not a shortage of approvals, so gathering more of them does not open it. A screening hit is not answered by a second approver, and a run that no longer reproduces from the file it arrived in is not made to match by a third. Ordering the rules the other way round is the common mistake: put the approvals above the gates and four eyes sign straight past a sanctions hit.
One execution boundary. Your rules change by banking area.
Customer origination
Create or activate a customer only while the identity, screening, and approval evidence the policy asks for is current.
Account origination
Bind the account being opened, its owner, its product, and its operating mandate to the action that was approved.
Loan origination
Let models recommend. Let policy decide whether the credit decision may proceed, and who has to sign it.
Loan disbursement
No money moves until this exact loan, this amount, and this destination account have authority to be paid.
Lending servicing
A payment holiday, a rescheduling, or a write-down is a decision about money owed, and it is signed as one.
Credit limits
A limit that rises is credit granted. It carries the affordability evidence and the consent the rules ask for.
Corporate payments
Bind every payment in the run to the mandate and the sign-offs that authorised it, not to the file it arrived in.
Payment processing
Release, return, or cancel one instruction against the beneficiary and the amount that were actually checked.
Treasury
The bank's own money moves under the same boundary, and the dealer is never also the settler.
Customer administration
A contact detail or a status changed quietly is how an account is taken over. Changes carry evidence too.
Account administration
Mandates, beneficiaries, limits, and freezes decide what the account can do next, so they are decisions.
Core configuration
A rate, a fee schedule, or a privilege applies to every account it touches the moment it is saved.
Your workflow remains yours. Your core remains your core. What sits between them is the decision about whether this exact action may execute, and the evidence of what happened when it did.
Approval should authorise an action, not a document that once described it
TODAY
Payment file
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Approval ok
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changes / handoffs / middleware
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Core executes
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Audit reconstructs what happenedWITH DECIONIS
Exact payment
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Approval
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what the sign-off covers
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checked again before sending
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Core executes
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record of what happenedA sign-off that lives only in a screen is not a control when another route can post straight through. Binding the approval to the action closes that gap, and it is the reason an edited run stops matching.
The hub accepted it is not the same as the money moved
Cash at bank is a question about what actually happened, not about what was sent. The record keeps the two apart.
- Policy checked, one-time authority issuedALLOWED
- Authority claimed once, run released onceCLAIMED ONCE
- Hub acknowledges: accepted at the boundaryACCEPTED
- No answer comes back; the bank cannot prove what happenedUNPROVEN
- Someone retries with the same authorityREFUSED
- Reconciliation reads the core by the same reference
- The posting matches the beneficiary, amount, and currencyCONFIRMED
- The uncertain record stays; the beneficiary was paid once
When the result is uncertain, the attempt is recorded as uncertain and reconciled before anything further can be authorised. The operational point is plain: nobody pays twice because a timeout looked like a failure, and nobody reports a balance the core has not confirmed.
Start with evidence. Define production scope after you have seen your own exposure.
Finance Control Evaluation
Up to ninety days of the actions your systems already carried out, replayed against controls you author, read-only. The result is a Control Exposure Report in your own figures.
How the evaluation worksShadow validation
The selected workflow runs in parallel with the component beside it. Nothing in production changes while the thresholds, the signals, the roles and the escalations are confirmed against what actually happens.
What shadow takesOne production boundary
One agreed consequential workflow moves to enforcement while your existing systems stay in place and stay the systems of record.
The three steps, checkableScale by proven value
Expand only where the first workflow showed operational or economic value: the next action, the next area, the next entity.
What a bank deploys
Success is one workflow and one measurable control problem. Each step is worth something on its own, and you can stop after any of them. Write your stopping criteria before you start, as sentences someone can check; nothing on this site gives you a figure to borrow. What production costs is defined with each bank from the workflows governed, how the component is deployed, and the decision volume; the platform states its plans once, on its own pages, and Get started says where.
None of this is new ground
Supervisors have already written about keeping the people who enter and approve a payment apart, about authentication that covers staff and service accounts, and about proving how a firm handles failure. Links checked 2026-09-11.
| Who | What they published | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Reserve Bank of India | Penalised a group of banks over operational controls on payment messaging, including keeping the people who enter, pass, and authorise a transaction apart, and adding a further layer of approval. | Press release, 2019 |
| United States federal banking agencies | Interagency guidance on authentication and access, extended beyond customers to employees, third parties, and service accounts, and warning about payment services with short processing windows. | Bulletin 2021-36 |
| European Union | The digital operational resilience regulation for the financial sector, covering how firms manage, detect, respond to, and report on failures in the systems that carry out their work. | Regulation 2022/2554 |
| United Kingdom Payment Systems Regulator | Reimbursement requirements for authorised push payment scams, splitting the cost between the sending and the receiving firm. | Requirements, confirmed |
Whether any of it applies to your bank is your compliance team's call, not ours. The profile does not interpret regulation and does not claim to satisfy any of it.
The control model is open for review
BEAP v1.0 · PublishedDated 2026-09-15. A published version is never edited; corrections appear in the next. The profile Decionis publishes and implements, not a standard approved by any body.
The Banking Execution Authority Profile defines how all of this is expressed so that two systems can agree: the banking areas, binding an action exactly, sign-offs from several people, single-use authority, and evidence of the effect. Reading it is the fastest way to judge whether it fits your bank.
Read BEAP v1.0DocumentationWhat adoption takes
Bring us one consequential banking workflow
We will map the action, the rules you already apply, the sign-offs, and where execution actually happens, with your team, and run the Finance Control Evaluation over your ninety days first.
Finance operations
A reconciliation correction, a treasury movement, or a settlement: the actions a controller signs for at month end.
Corporate payments
A supplier or payroll run, from the file arriving to the hub acknowledging it.
Lending
A credit decision and the disbursement that follows it, with the sign-offs you run today.
Core operations
A limit change, a mandate change, or anything an operator can do that nobody can undo.
Pressure-test your workflowWrite to beap@decionis.com
Please bring made-up values. Real customer data, real policies, and credentials do not belong in a review.